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The history of Ohio University has been documented by several known sources, especially the bicentennial publication, ''Ohio University 1804–2004: Spirit of a Singular Place,'' written by historian Betty Hollow. The university's history predates its founding, as a part of the post-Revolutionary period that saw the nation's first land grants, and continues until the present period of international research. ==America's experiment== Public support for higher education in America was not new when Manasseh Cutler first decided to organize an expedition bound for the Ohio country. Ohio University would become the first legislated public university due to passage of the Northwest Ordinance, which had explicitly included funding for higher education. On March 1, 1786, Cutler had attended a meeting at the Bunch of Grapes Tavern in Boston with Massachusetts delegates to form an association to purchase lands from Congress. Cutler’s simple plan of the university was modeled after Harvard and more particularly Yale, the latter which he graduated in 1765; and it was his desire that the university be called American University. The result of the Ohio University is directly from “the organic law of the territory,” and Cutler’s contract for the purchase of the land, both in 1787. By the spring of 1788, Rufus Putnam had gathered fifty laborers, surveyors, and boat builders and proceeded to the Muskingum River. Putnam surveyed and laid out a town to provide a home for the future university. On 9 January 1802, the Ohio Territory’s version of the charter further incorporated the university, by the name “American Western University.” The next charter was on 18 February 1804, establishing “Ohio University,” this time by the new legislature of the State of Ohio. All three legal charters placed Ohio University as the first institution of higher education founded and nourished by an act of Congress in America; the first in the territory northwest of the Ohio River; and the first in Ohio. As the flagship for the nation, Midwest, and state, the university’s current state flagship right has been defended several times. General Washington stated “the settlement of southeastern Ohio was not accidental, but the result of the careful deliberation of wise, prudent, and patriotic men.” For America, it proved to be an experiment that would set the precedent for numerous other "frontier universities," not the least of which would be its western antecedent, Miami in 1809. On December 6, 1804, the first trustees, including Putnam, and Governor Tiffin gathered to raise operating funds by leasing university lands. The first students of the university were from the new territory and out-of-territory, the sons of settlers and well-to-do merchants from America's east coast. In the spring of 1806, the trustees began to train pupils for the college's work. That year, a two-story building was completed by Jehiel Gregory on the College Green. The university's journey as an academic center would not see its maturity until after the 1830s, as it struggled to garner significant funds from the state legislature, a body notoriously controlled by farmers who despised liberal arts. Women were involved at what would become the nation's first university in the Northwest Territory since the university's opening in 1808 and the subsequent habitation of Athens, Ohio. Beginning with the first faculty, women accompanied men, acted as helpers, and assisted with frontier living. The lands and space that the university would become home to remained heavily visited by American Indians of various clans on through the mid-1800s, after the university was well-established. Whether or not these locals participated in university functions is a bit mysterious. John Newton Templeton became the first African American to graduate from the university in 1828. The first publication, ''The Echo and University Record'', began and was discontinued in 1843.〔Ohio University 1804–2004: Spirit of a Singular Place. Betty Hollow. 2004.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Ohio University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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